indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
helmet (of a warrior); headpiece
to decorate; to ornament; to display; to exhibit; to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to adorn (e.g. the front page)
carp streamer; carp banner
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
common carp (Cyprinus carpio); koi carp
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
Children's Day (national holiday; May 5)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
boy; son; baby boy; young man
video (esp. digital); video clip; animation; animated cartoon; in-betweens (animation)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
flow (of a fluid or gas); stream; flow (of people, things); passage (of time); course (of events); (step-by-step) procedure; group of people who remain together after the end of an event
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of