indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
family; members of a family
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
on good terms with; on cordial terms with; getting along well with; to make friends with; to be good friends with; to get along with
at leisure; in a relaxed manner; in a carefree manner; quietly; peacefully
last week; the week before
campground; campsite; camping-ground
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...