this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to fall ill; to be taken ill
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
prevention; precaution; protection against
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
now; the present time; just now; another; more
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
corona; coronavirus; COVID-19
seeing and hearing; (from) one's own experiences
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
February; second month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
turn (in line); order of things; sequential order
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
(medical) doctor; physician
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
(hospital) nurse; registered nurse; RN
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
medical care; medical treatment
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect