indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to feel; to sense; to experience
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)