indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
two persons; two people; pair; couple