indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
temporary; provisional; fictitious; assumed (name); hypothetical; theoretical
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
release; emission; ejection
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
control (of a machine, device, etc.); control (over an opponent, one's emotions, etc.); governing; management
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
training; drill; practice; discipline
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
feeling; sense; impression
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
don't you think?; indicates question