vertically structured society
leader; guide; mentor; coach
rearing from infancy; training from an early age (e.g. an apprentice); teaching from an early stage (e.g. a subordinate)
one's student (esp. a former one); one's pupil; one's disciple
weir; bonds; fetters; ties of obligation
to tie; to bind; to fasten; to restrict (freedom); to tie down (with rules, regulations, etc.); to fetter
(talent) scout; recruiter; scouting; headhunting; Boy Scouts; Girl Scouts
conversion; shift; about-face; switch
to knock at the gate; to request an apprenticeship; to ask to be made a pupil
kakishibu; astringent persimmon juice used as a dye or to to treat wood, paper, etc.
recommendation; referral; endorsement
a question (an issue) of where responsibility (liability) lies; a question of who is responsible (to blame)
assistance payment; subsidiary aid
to assemble everything together; to do something as a group
selection; choice; choosing; picking; election
to pay with one's own money; to pay out of one's own pocket
assistance; support; subsidy; supplement; auxiliary; subsidiary
a gap develops; a significant difference emerges
to hate; to dislike; to loathe
change in pronunciation or meaning of a word; sound change; word with an altered pronunciation or meaning; turning or twisting part of a text (in Chinese poetry)
futures; credit (buying); stretching; total (preceding counter, unit, etc.); aggregate
ordinary revenue; recurring income; income before tax
expenditure; disbursement; expenses
estimate (of costs); budget
to condemn; to blame; to urge; to press; to torture; to torment
fast-talking; rapid talking
to mount (animal behaviour); to assert dominance
before oneself; in front of one; a bit before reaching (a location); this side (of a location); one's standpoint; one's appearance; skill
to take part in (usu. something bad); to be a party to; to have a hand in
to raise; to bring to (someone's attention); to appeal to (reason, emotions, etc.); to work on (one's emotions); to complain; to sue (a person)
director; executive; officer; official; person in charge
distinction; differentiation; discrimination; discrimination (against people)
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that...
to hesitate; to have scruples; to be afraid of what others may think; to lord it over; to have great influence
traveling about to gain skill in combat (travelling)
to replace; to exchange; to interchange; to substitute
to cut into (a conversation); to interject
(social) position; status