royal capital; imperial capital
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to step firmly; to harden by treading
while; during; while; although; all; both
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
subjugation (using military force); suppression; subduing
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
to face; to go towards; to head towards
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
sailing; marching; going out; dispatch
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
lion; left-hand guardian dog at a Shinto shrine
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!