Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
absence; disregard; indifference
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
royal capital; imperial capital
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while travelling; present brought by a visitor; something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation); unwelcome gift
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
intensification; aggravation
considerably; greatly; a lot
smelling burnt; smelling scorched; smelling of gunpowder (i.e. as if armed conflict is about to break out); tense; suspicious; dubious
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the big two...; two major...; two main...
major company; big company; front castle gate; force attacking the front of a castle
to have an eye on; to zero in on
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
woman; female; feminine gender
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to go out; to go around; to walk about; to roam