to turn towards; to point
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
favourable; favorable; doing well; OK; all right
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
unusual event; strange occurrence; strange phenomenon; something abnormal; change (for the worse); accident
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
going ahead; going first; preceding; coming before; scoring first; getting off to a lead
coachman; driver; cabman; postilion
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
to stay at (e.g. hotel); to be docked; to be berthed; to be moored
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to approve (of); to be in favor of; to be in favour of
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to jump out; to rush out; to appear (suddenly); to protrude; to project; to butt in
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to approach; to draw near
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
selection; choice; option
to run off; to break into a run; to start running
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop