indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
flow (of a fluid or gas); stream; flow (of people, things); passage (of time); course (of events); (step-by-step) procedure; group of people who remain together after the end of an event
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to have a talk; to tell a story
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
presence; sitting with; being with
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
knee; lap; knee and thigh (while sitting)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; extremely; excessively
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to be peevish; to sulk; to pout
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to soothe; to calm; to pacify
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to have sex with; to make love to; to sit on (eggs); to brood
to put on (lower-body clothing, e.g. pants, skirt, footwear); to wear; to affix (a sword to one's hip); (arch.) to affix (a bowstring to a bow)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
trouble; bother; trouble; difficulty; care; attention
one by one; each; every; at intervals of
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)