ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
opponent; adversary; the competition; the other side; one's enemy
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
to let fly; to make fly; to skip over; to leave out; to run fast; to drive fast; to spray
frame (e.g. of film, panel in a comic, etc.); scene; time block (e.g. of a class schedule)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
spinning top (traditionally made of Japanese babylon shell)
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
just like that; in the twinkling of an eye; in the blink of an eye; (lit.) in the time it takes to say "ah!"
to turn; to rotate; to pass around; to send around; to move (someone or something to where its needed); to send; to turn (to a new use)
learning; acquisition (of a skill, knowledge, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
cloth; bujian (spade-shaped bronze coin of ancient China)
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
battlefield; battleground
hot (thing); passionate (feelings, etc.); ardent; hot (e.g. temper); zealous; enthusiastic; intense
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to unfold; to unroll; to open
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
number one; first; best; most; game; round