indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
condensed milk; Soviet Union
wood; lumber; (raw) material; stuff; talent; ability
bachelorhood; single; unmarried; celibate
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
before I knew it; next thing you know; when I came to
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
meaning; significance; sense
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
living flesh; flesh and blood; physical body of Buddha or a bodhisattva
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to float; to become merry; to be cheerful; to become loose; to become unsteady; to feel out of it; to be cut off (e.g. from those around you)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
space; air; midair; (from) memory; (by) heart
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
blue; azure; green; pale; gray; unripe
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to drift; to float; to waft (e.g. a scent); to hang in the air; to be in the air (e.g. a feeling or mood); to wander; to walk around aimlessly
scenery; scene; landscape
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
now; the present time; just now; another; more
myself; yourself; I; me; you
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very