both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
full up; to have had enough of something (both good and bad nuance)
(mumbling) incomprehensibly; while mumbling; mutteringly; murmuringly
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
adds force or indicates command
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
decisive blow; game-winning hit (e.g. in baseball)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
don't you think?; indicates question
cool breeze; cool air; refreshing coolness
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
literally; to the letter; literal
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
to look around; to survey
side; edge; beside; while (doing); in addition to; at the same time
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
two persons; two people; pair; couple
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become