continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to evaluate; to appraise; to comment on
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
left and right; right and left; (asserting) control; influence; one's attendants; people accompanying one
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
top and bottom; high and low; going up and down; rising and falling; going and coming back; upper and lower classes
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to project; to protrude; to pop out (e.g. eyes); to jump out; to rush out
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wing; Chinese "Wings" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (arch.) counter for birds or bird wings
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
tail (animal); tail end; tip
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
body; trunk; torso; hull (boat); fuselage (aircraft)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
dominion; territory; possession
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
Leo (constellation); the Lion
dispatch; despatch; deployment; temporary employee (esp. from an agency); temporary worker; agency temp
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
dukedom; duchy; principality
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
southern part; the south (of a region)
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition