indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
third day of the month; three days
to pass (of time); to elapse
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave behind; to put off; to postpone
originally; by nature; from the start
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
delivering an order; dispatch of an order; messenger; orderly; runner
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
how; in what way; how about
don't you think?; indicates question
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
timid; weak-kneed; fainthearted; bearish (e.g. market)