indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
in that way; thus; so; so?
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend