indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
going around; orbiting; circling; circumference; girth; surroundings
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
any turtle of the genus Mauremys (esp. the Japanese pond turtle, Mauremys japonica)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
carapace; shell; 1st in rank; grade A; instep; back of hand
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to hug someone close; to hold someone tight; to embrace closely
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indescribable; inexpressible; unspeakable; indefinable; nobody can tell
strange occurrence; unusual occurrence; unexpected occurrence; grave and unexpected occurrence
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
no problem; all right; not an issue; unobjectionable
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be delighted; to be glad; to congratulate; to gratefully accept
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
oxygen deficiency; oxygen shortage; lack of oxygen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
once; for a short time; briefly; (arch.) one morning
connection (to a person, place, etc.); relation; affinity
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
just as; in the act of; as soon as; at the moment that
suspicious behavior; acting suspiciously