indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
don't you think?; indicates question
home country; one's own country; suzerain country (from the perspective of the vassal state); colonizing country; country of one's ancestors; this country
than; from; out of; except; but; more
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
each place; various places
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pile (of noodles, etc.); bullet
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
sorcery; black magic; netherworld; world outside the six realms where evil spirits roam
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to project; to show; to portray; to depict; to describe
layman; believer; adherent; follower; laity
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to see; to witness; to observe; to catch sight of; to get a glimpse of; to encounter
admiration; wonder; astonishment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to let leak; to let out (e.g. light); to let out (a secret); to leak (information); to give utterance to (e.g. one's dissatisfaction); to vent; to wet one's pants
founder of a religious sect
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
your highness; your grace; your eminence
honorific/polite/humble prefix
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
beautiful; lovely; heartwarming; beautiful
exactly; surely; right then; just then; just (about to); on the verge (of doing or happening)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit
disrespect; irreverence; impiety; blasphemy; profanity
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
adds force or indicates command