indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
complaint; grumbling; objection; phrase; words; expression
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
in the hospital; hospitalized
visiting ill or distressed people; writing get-well letters; get-well gifts; get-well letters; expression of sympathy; expression of concern
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
departure; departing (from ...); sending; sent (by ...); engine; counter for gunshots, bursts of gas, etc.
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to incline one's head to the side (in doubt); to tilt one's head to the side (in confusion); to be puzzled
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
glittering; sparkling; glistening; twinkling
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
dissatisfaction; discontent; displeasure; complaint; unhappiness
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to expand; to swell (out); to get big; to become inflated
to poke (repeatedly, lightly); to nudge; to peck at (one's food); to pick at; to peck at (someone's faults, etc.); to egg on
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
flow (of a fluid or gas); stream; flow (of people, things); passage (of time); course (of events); (step-by-step) procedure; group of people who remain together after the end of an event
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to ask; to enquire; to inquire; to search; to look for; to look into
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to let leak; to let out (e.g. light); to let out (a secret); to leak (information); to give utterance to (e.g. one's dissatisfaction); to vent; to wet one's pants