indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
labyrinth; maze; mystery; dungeon
collapse; crumbling; breaking down; (radioactive) decay; disintegration
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
evening moon; moon that can only be seen in the early hours of the night (esp. from the 2nd to the 7th of the eight month)
room; wife (of someone of high rank); scabbard; Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
knock; knocking; fungo hitting; hitting balls for fielding practice
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to jump in; to leap in; to plunge into; to burst in; to barge in
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
posture; pose; position; attitude; approach; stance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put in order; to arrange; to get ready; to prepare; to work out (e.g. business deal); to arrange (e.g. marriage)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
adds force or indicates command
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
silver; silver colour; (fig.) snow
to bend; to flutter; to wave; to yield to; to be swayed by; to bow to
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
immediately; right away; at once; instantly