party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward; gift
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at leisure; in a relaxed manner; in a carefree manner; quietly; peacefully
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
by all rights; properly speaking; legally speaking
hometown; rural township (of China)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
or something; for instance ... (though there are other suitable options); ... or ...; as soon as; right after; while still
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
demolition; taking down; dissolution (of an organization, company, etc.); breaking up; dissection (of a body); dismemberment
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
some; few; somewhat; to a certain extent; (arch.) many; (arch.) a lot
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
to heal; to cure; to satisfy (e.g. hunger, thirst); to alleviate (e.g. sorrow, fatigue)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...