indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
monster; monstrosity; giant; influential figure; monsterlike; over-demanding
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
(arch.) the art of war; (arch.) martial arts; military force; the sword; valor; bravery
rolling over; turning over; turning around (the other way); reversal (of direction, course, etc.); producing a positive from a negative (photography); producing a negative from a positive
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
twelve o'clock; midnight; noon
mess; sorry state; -ways; -wards; in the act of ...; just as one is ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
disabling; invalidation; nullification; vitiation
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend