indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
drawing up (e.g. legal document, contract, will, etc.); preparing; writing; framing; making; producing
present point (i.e. in history); at the present time
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
middle-aged man; Buddhist priest
another world (esp. in fiction); otherworld; parallel universe; different-dimension world; isekai
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Zhou dynasty (China, approx. 1046-256 BCE); Chou dynasty; perimeter; counter for laps or circuits
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
play; recreation; play (theatre); performance; staging; praying
having enough of (food, drink, etc.); having one's fill; fully enjoying
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
oar; all; (pulling an) all-nighter; staying up all night long
rising; ascending; climbing
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
numerical value; numerics; reading (on a meter, etc.)
correction; revision; compensation (e.g. to a pendulum)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work