indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
speed; velocity; pace; velocity
stamina; endurance; physical strength; strength of an organization (e.g. profitability, productivity, economic clout, stability, growth potential)
physical strength; muscle strength
magical power; mystical force
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
correction; revision; compensation (e.g. to a pendulum)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
learning; acquisition (of a skill, knowledge, etc.)
to surpass; to outstrip; to excel
rising; ascending; climbing
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
restoration; rehabilitation; recovery; recovery (from an illness); recuperation; convalescence
gauntlet (used in Kendo); bracer; fencing glove
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
power; might; authority; influence
defense; defence; safeguard; protection
lightning; thunder; god of thunder; god of lightning; anger; fit of anger
soldier; combatant; warrior
occupation; profession; job; vocation; trade; calling
short sword; dagger; stiletto; hour hand (of a clock)
light (e.g. aircraft, truck); light motor vehicle (up to 660cc and 64bhp); kei car
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
time; hour; period; class
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)