if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
company; friendship; association; society; acquaintance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
Zhou dynasty (China, approx. 1046-256 BCE); Chou dynasty; perimeter; counter for laps or circuits
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
while; during; while; although; all; both
to be worried; to be troubled
(school) athletic festival; sports day; field day
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
change; alteration; difference; distinction; something wrong; abnormality
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
scene; spectacle; sight; view
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
in that way; thus; so; so?
to the end; to the bitter end; to the last; after all; it must be remembered; only
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)