indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
assistance; help; helper; babe; chick; broad
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
in that way; thus; so; so?
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience