indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
light (e.g. aircraft, truck); light motor vehicle (up to 660cc and 64bhp); kei car
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
ingredient; (raw) material; unprocessed timber; raw timber; subject matter; topic
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to