aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
queendom; country ruled by a queen
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
settlement; village; community; (bacterial) colony
to meddle; to poke one's nose into; to interfere; to make a pass at; to flirt with; to make a move on
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
incompetence; inefficiency; inability; incompetent person
together with; same; both; all; including ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
through; throughout; in the course of; all over or throughout (e.g. a place)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
appearance; (outward) looks; exterior appearance
race (of people); type of person
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to gather; to collect; to assemble
to have a talk; to tell a story
beginning; outset; first; onset
to open one's mouth (to talk); to (start to) tell