Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
opinion; point of view; visual point
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
in succession; one by one
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
just like that; in the twinkling of an eye; in the blink of an eye; (lit.) in the time it takes to say "ah!"
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
two persons; two people; pair; couple
given that ... it is only natural that ...; ... being the case, it is unavoidable that ...; (precisely) because ...; contrary to expectations ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
soundly (sleeping); fast (asleep)
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
committee; commission; board; panel; committee meeting
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!