grandfather; old man; kyogen mask used for the role of an old man
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
curse; spell; malediction
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to curse; to put a curse on; to detest intensely
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
literature; books (reference); document
to be placed on; to be set on; to be piled on; to appear (in print); to be mentioned; to be recorded
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
in that way; thus; so; so?