indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
(fictional) character; character; personality; persona
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
name; given name; first name
entry (on stage); appearance (on screen); entrance; introduction (into a market)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
millennium; one thousand years; (fig.) long time
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
edition; version; plate; block; editions of a publication
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
origin; source; history; originally; from the start; by nature
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
Satan; the Devil; the Prince of Darkness; king of the demons who try to prevent people from doing good
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)