indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
miko; shrine maiden; young girl or woman (trad. an unmarried virgin) who assists priests at shrines; medium; sorceress; shamaness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
edition; version; plate; block; editions of a publication
tribe; clan; (taxonomical) tribe; group (of the periodic table)
characteristic; traditional; peculiar; inherent; native; eigen-
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage
character (of a person); personality; disposition; characteristics; nature (of a thing, event, etc.)
satisfaction; pride; one's strong point; one's forte; regular customer; regular client
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am; older girl
class (e.g. school); grade; rank; kyū; kyu; junior rank in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.
transmigration; reincarnation; metempsychosis
millennium; one thousand years; (fig.) long time
lightning; flash of lightning; lightning bolt
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
figure; design; twill weave; pattern of diagonal stripes; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design