indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
than; from; out of; except; but; more
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
by means of; due to; because of; according to
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
consequence; outcome; result; blame
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination