indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
long time; long interval; for quite some time
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
to lead (a) life (usu. preceded by the type of life)
in the meanwhile; during the time
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; (arch.) five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army)
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be taught; to learn; to take lessons in
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
wearisome; insipid; dull; irksome; wretched; vain
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
way one walks; one's walk
hunting; harvesting (e.g. berries, fruit); picking; gathering
method; process; manner; way; means; technique
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
in comparison to; rather than
practice (as opposed to theory); actual practice; actual site; (at) the scene; (on) the spot
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
training; drill; practice; discipline
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
amount of experience; experience level; experience point; exp; XP
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin