as a child; when one was a child; childhood
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to reach back into one's memory; to search one's mind; to recall
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
many; much; plenty; hardly
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
unclean; dirty; unsanitary; indecent; dirty (story, money, etc.); obscene
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
muddy water; red-light district
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to slurp; to sip (loudly); to sniffle; to sniff
leftover food; leftovers; food scraps
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
myself; yourself; I; me; you
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
aloneness; loneliness; solitude
solitude; loneliness; isolation
to chew thoroughly; to bite (e.g. one's lip); to reflect upon; to digest
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many