darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
esoteric Buddhist ritual in which incantations are chanted; magic
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
record; document; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); setting (a record); recording (a record high, etc.)
jewel; precious stone; gem
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to become empty; to be emptied
shelf; ledge; rack; trellis
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to fall; to drop; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to decrease (of popularity, quality, speed, sales, etc.); to fall; to be inferior (to)
hair (on the head); (a) hair
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
deed (esp. negative); act; action; one's doing; one's work
very likely; very probable
what would (you) do?; what to do about it
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to chase; to run after; to pursue; subsequently; following that; (and) then
prompt decision; snap judgement; snap judgment
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
termination (of a contract); cancellation; rescinding; lifting (of a ban, sanctions, etc.); removal; release (from obligations)
about; on; regarding; per; for every
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
time; hour; period; class
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm