darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
esoteric Buddhist ritual where incantations are chanted; magic
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
jewel; precious stone; gem
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to become empty; to be emptied
shelf; ledge; rack; trellis
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
deed (esp. negative); act; action; one's doing
very likely; very probable
what would (you) do?; what to do about it
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to chase; to run after; to pursue
prompt decision; snap judgement; snap judgment
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
cancellation; rescinding; release; calling off; lifting (sanctions); delisting
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
time; hour; period; class
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very