indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
chair; stool; post; office; position
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
while; during; while; although; all; both
in a daze; absent-mindedly; dimly; hazily; with a roar (of flames); with a whoosh
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
article; news story; report; account
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
league; federation; union; alliance
by means of; due to; because of; according to
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
to decide; to determine; to establish; to lay down; to bring peace (to); to make peaceful
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to represent; to signify; to reveal; to show; to express; to make widely known
riskiness; (level of) danger
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
considerably; fairly; quite
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
sole; single; solo; independence; singleness; singularity
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
wisdom; intelligence; intellect
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
subjugation (using military force); suppression; subduing