indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
senior high school; high school
second-year student; biennial
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
exceedingly; extremely; decisively
general; popular; common; typical
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
female high-school student
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
only natural; no wonder; as expected; of course; as it should be
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
as (for); for; in the capacity of
clear; obvious; evident; bright; light
to be oversized (overloud, etc.)
lightly (floating, drifting, etc.); buoyantly; soft; fluffy; unsteadily; flightily
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
extravagant; lavish; opulent; luxurious; magnificent; splendid
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to decorate; to ornament; to display; to exhibit; to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to adorn (e.g. the front page)
ceiling; ceiling price; (price) ceiling
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
to become stiff (of muscles); to get absorbed in; to develop a passion for; to be elaborate; to be intricate
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience