to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
to rise; to erect; to get up
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
knee; lap; knee and thigh (while sitting)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to ring; to sound; to be popular; to be esteemed; to state; to insist
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to sprawl; to lie sprawled; to stretch oneself out; to lie relaxed on one's side
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; heigh-ho; to butter up; to suck up to
to speak; to say; to vocalize
while; during; while; although; all; both
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to bend; to flutter; to wave; to yield to; to be swayed by; to bow to
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
day of month; counter for days
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
(physical) appearance (of a person); one's face and figure
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when