indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
training range; training grounds; training area
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
hard (on the ears); offensive (to the ear); rasping; rough; harsh; grating
the more ... the more ...; as; (arch.) while; (arch.) during; (arch.) because; (arch.) since
metallic sound; metallic clank
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to resound; to echo; to reverberate
clearly (standing out); distinctly; sharply; boldly; in sharp relief
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (someone's) side
to be oppressed by heat; to swelter; to boil; to seethe
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
sunlight; rays of the Sun
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
deep (colour); dark; strong (flavour, smell, etc.); thick (consistency); dense; strong (possibility, etc.)
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon); trace
ground; earth's surface; land; lot; plot
to shake; to sway; to rock; to become unstable; to become unsettled; to be shaken
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
... years old; age (of) ...
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
narrow (blade); slender (figure, build); thin
(medieval) knight; samurai on horseback
silver hair; gray hair; grey hair
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to tie up in a bundle (e.g. straw, hair, bills, letters); to bundle; to govern; to manage; to fold (one's arms); to put together (one's hands)
deep (hole, forest, snow, etc.); dense (e.g. fog); thick (e.g. weeds, woods); close (e.g. relationship); deep (involvement); intense (e.g. longing, flavor); severe
deep red; crimson; rouge; lipstick
pupil (of the eye); one's eyes
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
heart; guts; nerve; heart (of something); central part
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)