indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
distinguished family; famous family; noble family; prestigious organization (company, school, etc.)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
(place) near by; (place) close by; (place) right next to; as soon as; right after
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
solemn; sublime; grand; magnificent; impressive
disliking; not wanting; unpleasant; disagreeable; no!; quit it!
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to resound; to echo; to reverberate
to ring; to sound; to be popular; to be esteemed; to state; to insist
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
madness; insanity; irregularity; deviation; fanaticism; fanatic
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
whole area; whole region; stretch (of land); tract; belt
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
to carry on one's shoulder; to shoulder; to bear; to bear (a burden, responsibility, etc.); to take upon oneself
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
early-morning treat (traditionally given to children in some parts of Japan); wake-up sweet
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
briskly; smartly; promptly; clearly; lucidly
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
pretty; charming; lovely; adorable
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to make a speech; to address
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
lady attendant; female servant; lady's maid; waiting maid