indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Satan; the Devil; the Prince of Darkness; king of the demons who try to prevent people from doing good
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
majority; more than half; most (of); mostly; largely; mainly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
decorating a metal surface with small dots resembling fish eggs; twill weave; basket weave
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
stage assistant dressed in black (in kabuki); stagehand; prompter; behind-the-scenes supporter; string-puller
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
already completed (arrived, happened, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to go on a trip; to go out to play; to go and visit (a friend)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
how; in what way; how about
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
lapis lazuli; lapis lazuli (color); beryl; mall blue passerine bird (esp. the blue-and-white flycatcher and the Siberian blue robin, but also the red-flanked bluetail); glass
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
to walk; to go on foot; to tread (a figurative path); to follow; to advance towards (e.g. a solution); to set out (e.g. on the path to destruction, ruin, etc.)