indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
time; (the) hour; favourable time; opportunity; chance
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
six o'clock; six periods of a day (morning, midday, afternoon, evening, midnight, late night)
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
to sleep all day; to idle away one's time; to loaf all day
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
crevice; crack; spare moment; interval; chink (in one's armor, armour); unpreparedness
to insert; to put in; to have a griping pain; to flow in; to shine in
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
already completed (arrived, happened, etc.)
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to raise; to bring to (someone's attention); to appeal to (reason, emotions, etc.); to work on (one's emotions); to complain; to sue (a person)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
exactly; just; precisely; punctually; exactly on time
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
difficult to ...; hard to ...
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
professionalism; professional awareness
depravity; corruption; degradation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to rise; to raise up; to straighten up; to sit up; to stand up
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that