eastern direction; the Orient; eastern fighter in a match (e.g. sumo wrestling)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
district; region; the country; countryside; civilian society
nobility; aristocracy; peerage
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hit; to expose; to apply (e.g. patch); to put on; to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class); to guess (an answer)
large (amount of money); huge; hefty; expensive
to put (into); to put away (in); to pay (fees, taxes, etc.); to deliver; to accept (a gift or money); to keep (within a limit); to offer (to a shrine, deity, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
founding a temple (on a hill-top)
fiscal year (usu. April 1 to March 31 in Japan); financial year; academic year; school year; product year
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
(period of) a year; during the era (of)
estimate (of costs); budget
on the occasion of; at the time of
economic difficulties; financial difficulties; fiscal difficulties
good news; happy news; glad tidings
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to grow hot (e.g. water); to boil; to get excited (at); to erupt (in applause, cheering, etc.); to ferment; to melt (of metal)
from long ago; from old times; from time immemorial
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to succeed (a person, to a position, etc.); to inherit; to patch (clothes); to mend; to add (e.g. charcoal to the fire); to replenish with
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; death (usu. of a relative); bereavement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about