indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to dry up (spring, pond, etc.); to run out
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
same; similar; (just) like; equal
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
fruit of a tree; nut; berry
to be collected; to be gathered (e.g. mushrooms, etc.); to be harvested; to be able to collect; to be able to mine
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
judging from; on the basis of; from the point of view of
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
place where one works; construction site; working area
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
great; grand; magnificent; outstanding; mighty
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality