beginning; outset; first; onset
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to notify; to advise; (arch.) to know; (arch.) to reign; (arch.) to govern (a country)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
honorific/polite/humble prefix
grandfather; old man; kyogen mask used for the role of an old man
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to be in high spirits; to be full of vigor (vigour); to be enthusiastic; to be eager; to stretch to breaking point
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
at that time; in those days
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
one-year-old; one year old
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to be at wits' end; to be greatly perplexed; to be troubled
to be crowded; to be packed; to be complex; to go into; to put into; to do intently
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
court noble; nobility; kuge; Imperial Court
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
worth; merit; value; good point; strong point; redeeming feature
point; gist; essentials; knack; trick; the ropes
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
horsemanship; equestrian art; (art of) riding
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(art of) fencing; swordsmanship
quite; utterly; (not) at all; completely; wholly; entirely
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
area; vicinity; side; edge; circumstances
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
(male) farmer; peasant; farmhand
although I say; although one might say; although called
funny; amusing; strange; odd; wrong; unsuitable
looks; features; (personal) appearance
myself; yourself; I; me; you
by myself; in person; by oneself
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to be wounded; to get injured; to get hurt feelings; to get damaged; to get chipped
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryō system)