indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yearning; longing; aspiration; adoration; admiration
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
present; gift; to give a present or gift
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(your) daughter; young woman
every year; yearly; annually
grand; magnificent; lavish; forceful; powerful; vigorous
to celebrate; to congratulate; to present (a gift) in celebration; to drink in celebration; to wish for (a happy future, good fortune, etc.); to pray for
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; similar; (just) like; equal
family; members of a family
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
showy; brilliant; gorgeous; florid; gay
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
to visit; to call on; to pay a visit to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
four; four years of age; ten o'clock (old time system); Burakumin; cross grips