palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(one) matter; (one) item; (one) case
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be found; to be discovered
female court attendant; court lady
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
common sense; good sense; common knowledge; general knowledge; common practice; accepted practice
frame; framework; border; box; limit; restriction; category
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
cruel; merciless; pitiless; tragic; horrible; terrible
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
for a short while; for a while; for some time; for the time being
inner palace (reserved for women); harem; seraglio; consort of the emperor
noisy; confused; uproarious
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
shrine; palace; imperial residence; Imperial prince; Imperial princess; headboard with built-in shelves, drawers, etc.
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
to work (for); to be employed (at); to serve (as); to act (as); to conduct a religious service
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
participation; taking part in; participating in; being concerned in
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to live; to reside; to inhabit
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
to become calm; to die down
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question