large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
My goodness (expresses surprise, wonder, etc.); very; extremely
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
first cry of a newborn baby
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to resound; to echo; to reverberate
to pick up; to adopt (e.g. a proposal); to accept; to take away; to confiscate; to deliver (a baby)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
princess; spoiled girl; hothouse flower; glue
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
childbirth; (giving) birth; delivery; production (of goods)
with a feeling of relief; with a sigh of relief; deeply (sigh)
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
tightly; closely; exactly; precisely; suddenly (stopping); perfectly (suited)
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
even though; despite; when
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
no problem; all right; not an issue; unobjectionable
in that way; thus; so; so?